.... The evolutionary structure of the scale is visualized with scanning electron microscopy. Consistent with the predictive model, calcium carbonate is more easily removed from polypropylene than copper. In a laminar flow with a wall shear stress of 0.16 Pa, 65% of the scale is removed from polypropylene while only 10...

... 2009 16 10 2009 chemical energy conversion differential scanning calorimetry magnesium compounds scanning electron microscopy space heating thermal energy storage vapour pressure X-ray diffraction building chemistry heating measurement solar storage testing...

... characterization of these films was done by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and electrical characterization was done by current–voltage measurements on soda lime glass substrates by the RTP technique...

..., 2004; for final revision June 22, 2004. Associate Technical Editor: A. Steinfeld. 17 May 2004 22 June 2004 07 02 2005 solar heating polymers heat exchangers solar absorber-convertors scanning electron microscopy X-ray diffraction chemical analysis pipe flow calcium...

... is the motivation behind the work described in this paper. solar absorber-convertors solar heating carbon powders scanning electron microscopy 01 August 2001 01 March 2002 01 08 2002 Contributed by the Solar Energy Division of THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS...