Fig. 1 Ozone absorption cross sections spectrum at 293 K, presented on a logarithmic scale. The Hartley and Huggins bands are indicated. Adapted from Ref. [ 16 ]. More about this image found in Ozone absorption cross sections spectrum at 293 K, presented on a logarithm...

Fig. 2 UVE fraction data for the GCO site. The shading intensity denotes the ozone content in Dobson units. As shown, the greater the ozone content, the lower the f E : ( a ) dependence on air mass and ( b ) dependence on clearness index. More about this image found in UVE fraction data for the GCO site. The shading intensity denotes the ozone...

Fig. 3 Performance indicators (MBD and RMSD) for UVE models. The site-specific models (filled bars) use the coefficients from Table 4 . The average models (hatched bars) use the average coefficients listed in the same table. The measurement average for each site is indicated between both panels. More about this image found in Performance indicators (MBD and RMSD) for UVE models. The site-specific mod...

Fig. 4 Performance indicators (MBD and RMSD) for UVB models. The site-specific models (filled bars) use the coefficients from Table 5 . The average models (hatched bars) use the average coefficients listed in the same table. The measurement average for each site is indicated between both panels. ... More about this image found in Performance indicators (MBD and RMSD) for UVB models. The site-specific mod...

Fig. 5 Scatter plots of UVE estimates from NP and PM average models for the LES site: ( a ) NP (average) and ( b ) PM (average) More about this image found in Scatter plots of UVE estimates from NP and PM average models for the LES si...

Fig. 6 Scatter plots of UVB estimates using NP and PM average models for the GCO site: ( a ) NP (average) and ( b ) PM (average) More about this image found in Scatter plots of UVB estimates using NP and PM average models for the GCO s...

Fig. 7 Performance indicators (MBD and RMSD) for UVA models without ozone. The site-specific models (filled bars) use the coefficients from Table 8 , and the average models (hatched bars) use the average coefficients listed in the same table. The measurement average for each site is indicated bet... More about this image found in Performance indicators (MBD and RMSD) for UVA models without ozone. The sit...

Fig. 8 Scatter plots of UVA estimates using NP and PM average models for the GCO site: ( a ) NP and ( b ) PM More about this image found in Scatter plots of UVA estimates using NP and PM average models for the GCO s...

Fig. 9 Boundaries for several variables at the LES site: ( a ) boundaries on GHI from F2, ( b ) boundaries on UVB from F7, ( c ) boundaries in f A from F3, and ( d ) boundaries on f E from F5 More about this image found in Boundaries for several variables at the LES site: ( a ) boundaries ...

Fig. 1 The novel DP tubular receiver: ( a ) schematic of the billboard design, ( b ) an individual tubular receiver (the outer pipe is transparent for better representation of fluid flow), and ( c ) cross-sectional view More about this image found in The novel DP tubular receiver: ( a ) schematic of the billboard design, ( b...

Fig. 2 Photographs of the experimental test campaign carried out at SF60, including ( a ) solar heliostat, ( b ) shutter, ( c ) parabolic dish, and ( d ) test bed More about this image found in Photographs of the experimental test campaign carried out at SF60, includin...

Fig. 3 Boundary conditions applied to ( a ) SP sample, ( b ) DP sample More about this image found in Boundary conditions applied to ( a ) SP sample, ( b ) DP sample

Fig. 4 Computational mesh developed for the DP model More about this image found in Computational mesh developed for the DP model

Fig. 5 Validation of the numerical study with the experimental test campaign in terms of the maximum temperature rise ( T s , max ) on the front side of the tube More about this image found in Validation of the numerical study with the experimental test campaign in te...

Fig. 6 Pressure drop as a function of air mass flowrate computed for DP and SP tubular absorbers (without heating) More about this image found in Pressure drop as a function of air mass flowrate computed for DP and SP tub...

Fig. 7 Velocity field computed on the axial cross section for the simulation at 400 L/min airflow rate More about this image found in Velocity field computed on the axial cross section for the simulation at 40...

Fig. 8 Wall temperature measurements: ( a ) locations where temperature readings are extracted, ( b ) temperature profiles on the front and back side of the absorber with respect to the Gaussian shape of the heat load, comparing SP and DP designs More about this image found in Wall temperature measurements: ( a ) locations where temperature readings a...

Fig. 9 Solid temperature field computed on plane A–A for DP absorber in the operating conditions T10040 More about this image found in Solid temperature field computed on plane A–A for DP absorber in the operat...