... economical tower geometry appears to have a constant inclination of bracing owing to its simplicity of fabrication and strong antitorsion capacity. Three-legged and four-legged alternatives have different advantages, the former having simpler geometry and the latter offering better torsion resistance...

...Jeom Kee Paik; Do Kyun Kim; Hoseong Lee; Yong Lae Shim The edge condition of the plating in a continuous stiffened-plate structure is neither simply supported nor clamped because the torsional rigidity of the support members at the plate edges is neither zero nor infinite. In a robust ship...

... Flexible Pipes Under Dynamic Loading Conditions ,” Mar. Struct. 0951-8339 , 5 , pp. 399 – 429 . LeClair , R. A. , and Costello , G. A. , 1988 , “ Axial, Bending and Torsional Loading of a Strand With Friction ,” ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 0892-7219 , 110 ( 1 ), pp. 38 – 42...

... provides good predictions of maximum tension loads even when the risers are subjected to high levels of dynamic compression and buckle. Nevertheless, it is clearly noted that difficulties arise in the treatment of flexible structures under severe buckling and torsion. The accuracy of analytical methods...