Fig. 1 The impact of technology and digitalization on Maslow's hierarchy of needs More

Fig. 2 Photographs and scanning electron micrographs of the cactus plant, thorns, and trichomes and schematic of fog-capturing mechanism of cacti plants. (Images copied under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) from Refs. [ 94 , 95 ].) More

Fig. 3 Photograph of fog-capturing nets installed in Peru. (Image reproduced from Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Image courtesy of The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA).) More

Fig. 4 Schematic of human skin architecture highlighting the skin layers, nerve receptors, and sweating system More

Fig. 5 Image of food stored in Zeer pot and a schematic illustration of working principle. (Image copied from Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Image by Peter Rinker.) More

Fig. 6 Various types of root architectures [ 104 ]: ( a ) fine root system, ( b ) coarse root system, ( c ) restricted branching root system, and ( d ) highly branching root system More

Fig. 7 Photograph of ice stupa showing off the siphoning of water from a central pipe More

Fig. 8 Frugal Engineering Methodology for Frugal Innovations with functionality, resilience, and sustainability More

Fig. 1 A general scheme of high-performance manufacturing strategy to solve the integrated design and processing problem based on the MOR leading to synergistically optimized solutions of design ( G , M , S ) and processing parameters ( P ), where the DFM is emphasized with homologous process si... More

Fig. 2 A detailed solution flowchart for integrated design and processing of thermal spray of WC-Ni coated component where design optimization of the interlayer thickness (high-sensitivity G ) is exemplified associated with two-layer structure coating ( S ) of the two different materials ( M ) ac... More

Fig. 3 The impact performance tester developed for components under heavy-load impact service condition in water environment More

Fig. 4 ( a ) Scheme for 2D elastic-plastic FE modeling using abaqus/cae 2016, ( b ) the experimental stress-strain curve of the 17-4PH stainless steel, and ( c ) the fitting curve of measured loads for the impact performance model More

Fig. 5 ( a ) Simulated profiles of impact craters and ( b ) experimental values for the different coatings after ten impacts More

Fig. 6 ( a ) Crater depth evolution and ( b ) its increment with increasing the impact number for simulated and experimental values for a single-layer WC-12Ni coating More

Fig. 7 Typical results of surface hardness on WC-Ni coatings before and after the different impacts, measured at the indentation loads of ( a ) 2.94 N and ( b ) 0.98 N, where the smaller indentation load with smaller penetration depth of indenter reveals a magnificent hardening effect under impact... More

Fig. 8 Surface hardening ratio of WC-Ni coatings at the different impact number under the two indentation loads of 2.94 N and 0.98 N derived from the data in Fig. 7 , respectively. More

Fig. 9 PS sensitivity analysis of maximal principal residual stresses to ( a ) E p and ( b ) E e,stored , and residual shear stress to ( c ) E p and ( d ) E e,stored , respectively More