... turbulence transition to turbulence constant acceleration flow turbulent slug transient flow large-scale pipeline An abrupt transition from laminar to turbulent flow in start-up accelerating pipe flows is a common feature. Transition to turbulence is delayed...

... to be much greater than the transition Reynolds number of a steady pipe flow of about 3000. The transition to turbulence is judged from the output signal of the axial velocity component and its root-mean-square value measured with a hot-wire anemometer. A turbulent slug appears after the cross-sectional mean...