... renewable energy laboratory 5-MW reference wind turbine using the sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition (SP-DMD) method for the detection of dynamically relevant flow structures. Large eddy simulation (LES) of the flow impacting the wind turbine is carried out by solving the filtered Navier–Stokes...

... using large eddy simulation technique. The particle motion is predicted by a Lagrangian method. Particles are assumed to behave as viscoelastic solids during interactions with their neighboring particles. Interparticle normal and tangential contact forces are calculated using a generalized Hertzian...