...Jackie D. Zehr; Jack P. Callaghan A mechanical goal of in vitro testing systems is to minimize differences between applied and actual forces and moments experienced by spinal units. This study quantified the joint reaction forces and reaction flexion–extension moments during dynamic compression...

... . 10.1113/expphysiol.1983.sp002753 [56] Larsen , S. W. , Frost , A. B. , Østergaard , J. , Thomsen , M. H. , Jacobsen , S. , Skonberg , C. , Hansen , S. H. , Jensen , H. E. , and Larsen , C. , 2011 , “ In Vitro and In Vivo...

... orthopaedics physiological models biomechanics vertebral fracture in vitro porcine model While vertebral burst fractures have been widely studied, their treatments remain difficult because of their potential unstable nature and associated neurologic deficit [( 1 ), 2 ]. Many experimental...

... 04 06 2010 04 06 2010 adhesion bioluminescence cellular biophysics diseases flammability haemodynamics macromolecules shear strength endothelial cells wall shear stress stenosis in vitro gradient magnitude Hemodynamic forces are believed to play a key role...