... physiological loading condition. For the anterior quadrant, this corresponds to the periosteal side in tension while samples from the posterior quadrant would have the periosteal side in compression (Fig. 1( e ) ). The nonstrain mode specific condition is the reverse: the periosteal side would...

...Jackie D. Zehr; Jack P. Callaghan A mechanical goal of in vitro testing systems is to minimize differences between applied and actual forces and moments experienced by spinal units. This study quantified the joint reaction forces and reaction flexion–extension moments during dynamic compression...

... with and without superimposed axial compression preload (200 N) while monitoring spine kinematics. Load transmission paths were identified using strain gauges on the anterior vertebral body and lateral masses and a disc pressure sensor. Experimental conditions were simulated with cervical spine finite element...

..., the aim of this work is to propose a nonlinear normalization based on finite elements (FE) simulations and evaluate its impact on the stiffness of human anatomical specimens of lumbar IVD. First, a parameter study involving simulations of biomechanical tests (compression, flexion/extension, bilateral...

... properties of both the annulus and nucleus. Models were validated using published creep experiments, in which a constant compressive axial stress of 0.35 MPa was applied for 4 h. Pore pressure (PP) and effective stress ( S E ) were analyzed as a function of time following loading application (1 min, 5 min...

... diffusivity at three levels of compressive strain. The average oxygen diffusivity ( mean ± SD ) of bovine AF in the axial direction was 1.43 ± 0.242 × 10 − 5 cm 2 / s ( n = 20 ) at 4.68 ± 1.67 % compressive strain level, 1.05 ± 0.282 × 10 − 5 cm 2 / s ( n = 20 ) at 14.2 ± 1.50 % strain level, and 7.71 ± 1.63...

...M. Singh; M. S. Detamore During temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function, the mandibular condylar cartilage plays a prime role in the distribution and absorption of stresses generated over the condyle. Biomechanical characterization of the tissue under compression, however, is still incomplete...

... hypothesized that electrical conductivity in human IVD is strain-dependent, due to change in tissue composition caused by compression, and inhomogeneous, due to tissue structure and composition. We also hypothesized that conductivity in human annulus fibrosus (AF) is anisotropic, due to the layered structure...

... to the nonstimulated construct. This biaxial bioreactor will be useful for mechanically stimulating tissue constructs in two perpendicular directions to create implants for tissues requiring preferred compressive and tensile resistances. 06 06 2007 02 10 2008 20 01 2009 biomechanics biomedical...

...K. J. Martin; C. P. Neu; M. L. Hull There is a need to align the mechanical axis of the tibia with the axis of loading for studies involving tibiofemoral compression to interpret results and to ensure repeatability of loading within and among specimens. Therefore, the objectives of this study were...

... and thickness of the cartilage layer. In this study, we developed a micro-indentation testing system to determine the compressive and biphasic mechanical properties of cartilage in the small joints of the mouse. A nonlinear optimization program employing a genetic algorithm for parameter estimation, combined...

... the latter stimulus produces simultaneous compression in the unstretched direction. It is not known, however, if cells respond differently to pure stretching than to pure compression. This study was performed to address this issue. Human aortic endothelial cells were seeded on deformable silicone membranes...

...Emiel A.G. Peeters; Cees W.J. Oomens; Carlijn V.C. Bouten; Dan L. Bader; Frank P.T. Baaijens The viscoelastic properties of single, attached C2C12 myoblasts were measured using a recently developed cell loading device. The device allows global compression of an attached cell, while simultaneously...