The detailed geometry of atherosclerosis-prone vascular segments may influence their susceptibility by mediating local hemodynamics. An appreciation of the role of specific geometric variables is complicated by the considerable correlation among the many parameters that can be used to describe arterial shape and size. Factor analysis is a useful tool for identifying the essential features of such an inter-related data set, as well as for predicting hemodynamic risk in terms of these features and for interpreting the role of specific geometric variables. Here, factor analysis is applied to a set of 14 geometric variables obtained from magnetic resonance images of 50 human carotid bifurcations. Two factors alone were capable of predicting 12 hemodynamic metrics related to shear and near-wall residence time with adjusted squared Pearson’s correlation coefficient as high as 0.54 and -values less than 0.0001. One factor measures cross-sectional expansion at the bifurcation; the other measures the colinearity of the common and internal carotid artery axes at the bifurcation. The factors explain the apparent lack of an effect of branch angle on hemodynamic risk. The relative risk among the 50 bifurcations, based on time-average wall shear stress, could be predicted with a sensitivity and specificity as high as 0.84. The predictability of the hemodynamic metrics and relative risk is only modestly sensitive to assumptions about flow rates and flow partitions in the bifurcation.
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November 2010
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Use of Factor Analysis to Characterize Arterial Geometry and Predict Hemodynamic Risk: Application to the Human Carotid Bifurcation
Qi Zhang,
Qi Zhang
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering,
Shanghai University
, 200072, Shanghai, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
, Durham, NC 27708
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David A. Steinman,
David A. Steinman
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
University of Toronto
, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8 Canada
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Morton H. Friedman
Morton H. Friedman
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
e-mail: mhfriedm@gwu.edu
Duke University
, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University
, Washington, DC 20052
Search for other works by this author on:
Qi Zhang
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering,
Shanghai University
, 200072, Shanghai, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
, Durham, NC 27708
David A. Steinman
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
University of Toronto
, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8 Canada
Morton H. Friedman
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Duke University
, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University
, Washington, DC 20052e-mail: mhfriedm@gwu.edu
J Biomech Eng. Nov 2010, 132(11): 114505 (5 pages)
Published Online: October 27, 2010
Article history
Received:
July 30, 2010
Revised:
August 19, 2010
Posted:
September 10, 2010
Published:
October 27, 2010
Online:
October 27, 2010
Citation
Zhang, Q., Steinman, D. A., and Friedman, M. H. (October 27, 2010). "Use of Factor Analysis to Characterize Arterial Geometry and Predict Hemodynamic Risk: Application to the Human Carotid Bifurcation." ASME. J Biomech Eng. November 2010; 132(11): 114505. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002538
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